Which factors can lead to short-term muscular fatigue between sets?

The option regarding the exhaustion of ATP/creatine phosphate reserves correctly identifies a significant factor contributing to short-term muscular fatigue between sets. During intense physical activity, muscles rely on stored ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and creatine phosphate (CP) for immediate energy production. These energy stores are limited and can be quickly depleted during high-intensity exercise. When these reserves are exhausted, muscle contractions become less efficient, leading to a noticeable decline in performance and an inability to maintain strength output. This physiological process is a primary reason athletes experience fatigue during strenuous activities, especially when performing consecutive sets with short rest intervals.

The other choices relate more to enhancing performance or recovery rather than directly causing fatigue. Increased hydration and a proper warm-up can improve muscle function and delay fatigue. Maximal muscle hypertrophy focuses on long-term muscle growth rather than the immediate energy depletion that affects short-term performance. Improved recovery techniques also aim to aid in performance and recovery after an exercise session rather than being a contributing factor to short-term muscular fatigue. Therefore, the exhaustion of ATP and creatine phosphate reserves is the key factor leading to reduced muscular performance in the short term.