To properly execute a back squat, what range of hip flexion is optimal at the end of motion?

In a back squat, achieving optimal hip flexion is critical for both performance and safety. When the hips reach approximately 90 degrees of flexion, it allows for a balance of joint stability and muscle engagement. At this angle, the lifter can maintain better spinal alignment and control, which is essential for avoiding undue stress on the lower back and knees.

With the hips at about 90 degrees, the major muscle groups involved, including the quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes, are adequately engaged, enabling efficient force production for rising from the squat position. This range also fosters a favorable biomechanics that helps in maintaining an upright torso which is crucial to reduce injury risk.

Going beyond 90 degrees may increase the risk for some lifters, as it may lead to excessive forward lean or improper knee tracking. Therefore, achieving around 90 degrees of hip flexion is considered optimal for executing a back squat effectively.