In a standing calf raise, which muscle acts as the prime mover?

In a standing calf raise, the gastrocnemius is the prime mover because it is a major component of the calf muscles that contributes significantly to plantar flexion at the ankle joint, which is the primary action in this exercise. The gastrocnemius is a large muscle that runs along the back of the lower leg and is particularly effective in movements where the knee is extended, as occurs when standing.

During a standing calf raise, as you rise onto your toes, the gastrocnemius contracts to lift the heel off the ground, generating the force needed for this movement. This muscle's location and structure make it highly effective for jumping and explosive movements that rely on powerful ankle extension.

While the soleus also plays an essential role in plantar flexion, particularly when the knee is bent or during prolonged standing, it is the gastrocnemius that takes the lead in the standing position with the knees extended. The tibialis anterior, located at the front of the lower leg, is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot, and the quadriceps primarily facilitate knee extension, making them less relevant to the action performed in a standing calf raise.